1. Lack of diversification - Coal India primarily focuses on coal mining and production, which makes it heavily dependent on the coal industry. This lack of diversification can be a disadvantage compared to peers who have a more diversified portfolio of products or services.

2. Environmental concerns - Coal India's operations are associated with significant environmental concerns, including air and water pollution, deforestation, and greenhouse gas emissions. This can lead to negative public perception and regulatory challenges, which may not be as prevalent for peers in cleaner energy sectors.

3. Technological limitations - Coal India has been criticized for its outdated mining techniques and lack of technological advancements. This can result in lower productivity, higher costs, and difficulties in meeting environmental and safety standards, compared to peers who have embraced modern technologies.

4. Labor issues - The company has faced various labor-related challenges, including strikes, protests, and disputes with trade unions. These issues can disrupt operations, lead to production delays, and impact overall efficiency, which may not be as prevalent for peers with more stable labor relations.

5. Market volatility - Coal India's performance is heavily influenced by global coal prices, which can be highly volatile. Fluctuations in demand and prices can significantly impact the company's revenue and profitability, making it more susceptible to market risks compared to peers in more stable industries.

6. Limited growth opportunities - As the world transitions towards cleaner and renewable energy sources, the demand for coal is expected to decline in the long term. This poses a challenge for Coal India in terms of finding new growth opportunities and diversifying its business, compared to peers who are already operating in cleaner energy sectors.